What term is commonly used to describe the medieval era?

The term that is most commonly used to describe the medieval era is "Middle Ages." This period spans roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century and is characterized by significant developments in various domains such as culture, politics, and religion in Europe.

While the term "Dark Ages" is often associated with the early part of the Middle Ages, it implies a time of cultural and economic decline, particularly after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. However, it is important to note that this characterization is somewhat misleading and does not encompass the entirety of the Middle Ages, which also saw significant achievements, particularly in areas like architecture, philosophy, and the establishment of universities.

The Renaissance refers to the period immediately following the Middle Ages, known for its revival of art, literature, and learning inspired by classical antiquity. The Reformation signifies a religious movement that emerged in the 16th century, leading to the division of Christianity. Therefore, while "Dark Ages" may be used colloquially, "Middle Ages" is the more accurate and comprehensive term to denote the entire medieval period.