What was the significant innovation credited to the Shang Dynasty?

The Shang Dynasty is particularly renowned for its development of one of the earliest known writing systems in China, which is a significant innovation that laid the foundation for Chinese written language and record-keeping. This writing system included the use of oracle bones for divination, where inscriptions were carved onto animal bones and turtle shells to communicate with ancestors or deities. The emergence of written language during the Shang Dynasty enabled the recording of historical events, rituals, and administrative activities, contributing to the complexity of Shang society and its governance.

In contrast, while mathematics, trade networks, and artisan crafts were also important aspects of Shang culture, they do not hold the same historical significance in terms of innovation. Mathematics was present but not unique to the Shang. Trade networks would have existed, but they expanded significantly during later dynasties. Artisan crafts were indeed advanced during this period, with exquisite bronze work and pottery, but the development of a writing system stands out as a critical and lasting contribution to Chinese civilization.