Which ancient civilization is known for extensive trade and cultural exchange through river systems?

The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley all thrived in river valleys, which played a crucial role in their development, especially concerning trade and cultural exchange.

Mesopotamia, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, became an important center for commerce and innovation. The rivers facilitated transportation and agricultural irrigation, which supported a burgeoning trade network both locally and with neighboring regions. This allowed for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural practices.

Similarly, Egypt's civilization was centered around the Nile River. The river provided fertile land due to its annual flooding, supporting agriculture and enabling the growth of the economy. The Nile served as a vital trade route, connecting various parts of the society and allowing interactions with other cultures, such as those in Nubia and the Mediterranean.

The Indus Valley civilization, characterized by its sophisticated cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, was also heavily reliant on river systems, particularly the Indus River. This river enabled not only agricultural development but also extensive trade with distant regions, such as Mesopotamia, through a complex network of land and maritime routes.

Thus, all three civilizations utilized their respective river systems for extensive trade and cultural exchange, leading to significant interactions