Which ancient civilization is often credited with founding democracy?

The Greek Civilization is often credited with founding democracy, particularly through the city-state of Athens in the 5th century BCE. It was in Athens that the system of direct democracy was developed, allowing citizens (though limited to free males who were native Athenians) to participate directly in decision-making processes, engage in debates, and vote on various issues concerning governance. This early form of democracy was characterized by the practice of assemblies where policies and laws were discussed and decided by the male citizenry.

While other civilizations had forms of governance and law, the innovations and philosophical foundations laid by the Greeks in political thought are viewed as significant influences on modern democratic systems. Concepts such as equality before the law, citizen participation in governance, and the idea of political community were fundamental to Greek political culture and continue to resonate in contemporary democratic practices worldwide. This historical context highlights why the Greek Civilization is recognized as the birthplace of democratic principles.