Which event marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars?

The Battle of Waterloo is the event that marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars, as it was where Napoleon Bonaparte was ultimately defeated in June 1815. This battle involved a coalition of forces from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Prussia, which successfully ended Napoleon's rule in France. Following this defeat, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Saint Helena, where he lived for the remainder of his life.

The Congress of Vienna, while a significant diplomatic conference held after the fall of Napoleon, aimed to establish a new balance of power in Europe and prevent future conflicts. It did not mark the end of the wars themselves, but rather was a result of the resolution and reconfiguration of Europe following Napoleon’s defeat. The Peninsular War and the Russian Campaign were earlier conflicts during the Napoleonic Wars, contributing to his eventual downfall but not marking its definitive conclusion.