Which of the following best summarizes the motivations behind European exploration?

The choice that best summarizes the motivations behind European exploration is the search for new trade routes and the spread of religion. During the Age of Exploration, which began in the 15th century, European nations were driven primarily by economic factors, including the desire to find more direct routes to Asia for trade in spices, silk, and other valuable commodities. This quest for new trade routes was particularly urgent due to the existing monopolies on these goods held by intermediaries, and explorers sought to bypass these to enhance their nations' wealth.

In addition to economic motivations, the spread of religion, particularly Christianity, played a significant role. European explorers often viewed their expeditions not only as opportunities for trade but also as opportunities to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity, which they considered a moral imperative. This dual motivation of seeking wealth and spreading faith was fundamental to many early explorations and colonization efforts.

Other potential motivations such as establishing military bases and mass migration do not encompass the broader and more foundational goals of exploration during this period. While these actions occurred later as a result of exploration, they were not the primary initial motivations for embarking on these ventures. The comprehensive aim of boosting trade and evangelizing aligns perfectly with the historical context of European exploits during this time.