Who was the first emperor of a unified China?

The first emperor of a unified China was Qin Shi Huang. He ascended to the throne of the Qin state in 246 BCE and unified various warring states in 221 BCE, ending the period of the Warring States. Qin Shi Huang established a centralized imperial rule, implemented sweeping reforms, and standardized measurements, currency, and even writing systems to consolidate power and enhance unity among the previously fragmented regions. His reign marked the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, and he is often associated with significant projects like the initial construction of the Great Wall of China and the Terracotta Army, which served to protect him in the afterlife.

The historical significance of Qin Shi Huang's rule lies in how he shaped the foundation of the Chinese empire, paving the way for future dynasties. His legacy is substantial, as he is remembered for both his authoritarian governance and his contributions to the state’s infrastructural and cultural cohesiveness.